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Four Operations

GCSELevel 1-3Cambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

Four Operations Revision

The Four Operations

The four operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Addition: operation to find the total of two or more numbers.

Subtraction: operation to find the difference between two numbers.

Multiplication: operation to find the product of two or more numbers.

Division: operation to split a number into equal parts.

Addition

Simple addition questions, like 5+11, can be easily calculated ourselves or by using a calculator and typing in 5+11= giving us 16.

We may come across more complicated questions, such as:

If Sally has \text{£}12, and for her birthday she is given \text{£}230 from her mum, \text{£}162 from her dad, and \text{£}51 from her brother, how much money does she now have?

We can similarly work this out by typing the following into our calculator:

12+230+162+51=\text{£}455

 

Level 1-3GCSECambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

Subtraction

Similarly to addition, we can use our calculator to work out subtraction questions, for example:

If Sally has \text{£}455, and she spends \text{£}80 on shoes, \text{£}118 on jumpers, and \text{£}66 on jewellery, how much money would she have remaining?

We can work this out by typing the following into our calculator:

455-80-118-66=\text{£}191.

Level 1-3GCSECambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

Multiplication

Simple multiplication questions, like 4\times5, can be easily calculated ourselves or  by using a calculator and typing in 4\times5=, giving us 20.

We may come across more complicated questions, such as:

Freddie buys 6 chocolate bars for 55\text{ p} each, how much does he spend in total?

We can similarly work this out by typing the following into our calculator:

6\times55=330\text{ p}.

Level 1-3GCSECambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

Division

Similarly to multiplication, we can use our calculator to work out division questions, for example:

Freddie spends 605\text{ p} on chocolate bars. Each chocolate bar costs 55\text{ p}, how many chocolate bars does Freddie buy?

We can similarly work this out by typing the following into our calculator:

605\div55=11 chocolate bars.

Level 1-3GCSECambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

Example 1: Simple Operations

Use your calculator to work out these four operation questions:

a) 16+12+31+40

b) 109-34-12-9

c) 3\times5\times9\times18

d) 100\div4\div5

[4 marks]

a) By typing the sum into a calculator:

16+12+31+40=99

 

b) By typing the sum into a calculator:

109-34-12-9=54

 

c) By typing the sum into a calculator:

3\times5\times9\times18=2430

 

d) By typing the sum into a calculator:

100\div4\div5=5

 

Level 1-3GCSECambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

Example 2: Applied Operations

Bart is going to a supermarket. He buys a bag of kiwis for \text{£}3, some yoghurts for \text{£}4 and 6 toothbrushes each priced at \text{£}1.

By using multiplication and addition, calculate how much money Bart spent overall at the supermarket.

[3 marks]

Firstly, we can work out how much he spent in total on toothbrushes by multiplying the price by the number of toothbrushes bought:

\text{£}1\times6=\text{£}6

 

Now, we can add up everything he bought to find his total:

\text{£}6+\text{£}3+\text{£}4=\text{£}13

 

Level 1-3GCSECambridge iGCSEEdexcel iGCSE

Four Operations Example Questions

Monday: 55

Tuesday: 55+4=59

Wednesday: 59+11=70

Thursday: 70-28=42

Therefore, she had 42 stamps remaining.

We can firstly use addition to calculate the total cost for all 4 friends:

\text{£}600+\text{£}1800+\text{£}300=\text{£}2700

We can then divide this by 4 to calculate how much each person spent.

\text{£}2700\div4=\text{£}675

Firstly, we can share the 160 pens between the 32 students using division:

160\div32=5

So, each child has 5 colouring pens.

Then, each child loses 2 pens:

5-2=3

Therefore, by the end of the day, each student has 3 colouring pens.

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